●  Engineered tissues are useful in regenerative medicine and drug evaluation.
●  3D cell culture is promising for fabricating engineered tissues.
●  Proper shaping of culture scaffold material, that is superior in cell retention and orientation control, is necessary.

●  Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hydrogel is used for cell culture scaffold (Fig. 1).
●  Prepare coaxial two-layer long fibrous gel with microfluidic device (Fig. 2,3).
●  Cells are embedded in the CNF gel of the core layer and 3D cultured to fabricate long muscle and vascular tissues (Fig. 2,4).

●  CNF is plant-derived, highly biocompatible and superior in cell retention ability (Fig.4).
●  Due to thixotropic property, CNF flows during pressurization in the device and gels at pressure relief after ejection, so it is easy to shape the scaffold into fibers (Fig.3).
●  The CNF molecules themselves are aligned by pressure to orient the cells and induce engineered tissue formation efficiently.

●  Paper industry:  Expansion of the CNF market to the biotech field.
●  Medicinal industry:  Production of regenerative tissues for therapy. 
●  Drug industry:  Utilization of model tissues for drug evaluation.