The Rise of Female Pharaohs-Feminism in the Ancient world

（Because of COVID-19, no field work has done in 2020. The following report would be based on historical books and documents, data from government census and other government sources (secondary data), and also data from the journals and newspapers. The research will be largely based on the data collected from historical books and documents, newspapers, and other government sources.）

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile River back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Compared to the other countries, Egypt was always different. They believed in the power of female rulers. Egypt is surrounded by deserts and the sea, which protects this country from the aggression of other neighboring countries. When a young child took the throne, women covered them. It is unique about Egypt. Mothers, aunts, sisters defend the youths of the wheel of power, and this tendency is repeatedly employed in Egypt's history. Ten famous Female Pharaohs are mentioned in the history of Egypt. The first documented Queen was Merneith in the first dynasty (ca. 3000-2890 B.C.), who stepped into the throne on her son's behalf. She did not allow her uncle to serve as a king. After Merneith in the 12th dynasty Neferusobek, the dead king's wife, stepped forward to rule and guide Egypt as there was no one to take the throne. She headed until the next dynasty was ready to take power. In the 18th dynasty (ca.1550-1295 B.C.), a new era emerged during growth and prosperity. The king died only after three years on the throne, and a toddler became Pharaoh. The boy's aunt stepped forward, and she became the ruler of Egypt. The era of Hatshepsut began, and she ruled for more than two decades. She is the longest of any female king. She left the kingdom better than she found it. This paper will discuss the famous female Pharaoh Hatshepsut.

    Hatshepsut reigned for almost twenty years. The most remarkable point is that she achieved power without bloodshed or any social troubles. No historical data was revealed regarding any bloodshed or war to gain control. Although she was a powerful ruler, unfortunately, very few people know about this extraordinary woman. Historically Cleopatra VII is known for economic excesses, murders, sexual exploits, and disastrous military campaigns. Unlike Cleopatra, she showed God’s love for her rather than submit herself sexually to men. She was a wealthy woman and that’s why no money scandal exist about her. Her death is not remembered because she did not commit suicide. And also, there is no evidence of murder or expulsion.

 Hatshepsut was almost a perfect leader. She did not make any big mistakes which brought disaster to Egypt. Male leaders generally praised their successes, but Hatshepsut never received credits for the deeds she had done in her time. Generally, female rulers are emotional, impractical, self-centered, untrustworthy, and unwise. Hatshepsut was surprisingly different. She ruled for more than twenty years and was the most powerful woman in the ancient world. It is essential to know about Hatshepsut as this powerful ruler is almost forgotten and rejected though she has contributed considerably to the ancient Egyptian world. There is a considerable amount of information available regarding ancient Egypt and Hatshepsut. This paper will discuss Hatshepsut's life and her success as a King.  

Although Hatshepsut was born in the highest class of society, her life was not a bed of roses. It was full of pain and obstacles. She and her husband did not have any son and they had only one daughter Nefrure. Then she took the power to rule Egypt.

Among her accomplishments, re-establishing foreign trade network was an important one. She re-established the trade network with the Hyksos. Trade was a disrupter during the second Intermediate period. She also established a trade relation with Punt and during her time many trade goods were bought in Punt. From her time foreign goods started coming to Egypt and there were some attempts to plant foreign trees. She was one of the prolific builders in Egypt and many architectural buildings were built during her time. She employed many architects during her time. In short, she was one of the greatest rulers of her time. She died in her middle age and no one knows the reason of her death.