In complex social situations of violence, where violence is both agency-driven and perpetrator-less, it becomes extremely difficult to determine who is to blame. gives rise to the problem of accountability. The aim of this paper is to theoretically explore the social mechanisms that accountability undergoes within complex social situations of violence. The act and social phenomena of harming others has been a topic that has been treated throughout the entire spectrum of the social sciences but what has baffled researchers is that there are characteristics in structural violence that cannot be found in the violence done at the individual level and vice-versa. The most notable characteristic being the perpetrator-less aspect of structural violence and the dissipation of accountability. Even at the individual level, properties such as (un)intentionality, unintended consequences of action and the types of evil which are nonautonomous and autonomous also undergo complex social processes when the harm is committed by collective and organizational agents.

In relation to the present research, one paper was presented at the Violence and Society Conference in London and one paper was published in the European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences.