表題番号:1999A-018 日付:2017/02/22
研究課題「制度」の概念からみたフランソワ・ペルーの社会経済学
研究者所属(当時) 資格 氏名
(代表者) 政治経済学部 助手 清水 和巳
研究成果概要

As H.A. Simon pointed out, the “rationality” of human beings is not perfect. He called the rationality of actual human beings as “procedural rationality.” Today, it is more often called “bounded rationality,” but there is not much difference between the two in substance. What is significant is that human beings are engaged in economic activities taking various limits as a given. Shiozawa (1990) called the bounds as 1) limits of vision; 2) limits of rationality and 3) limits of influences. Human beings with those bounds are unable to grasp the world perfectly and the thinking and cognitive faculty is limited. To achieve our objectives, we have to take various steps learning by mistakes. However, we, despite such limitations and bounds, choose our actions and live our daily lives without making serious mistakes. Usually our actions are not so much hindered by the above-mentioned limits and we live our daily lives as if we are not aware of those limits. Such a situation is made possible by a patterned behavior called institutions, customs and habits. (Institutions, customs and habits respectively have different nuances, and hereinafter the term “institutions” shall be used to signify people’s patterned behaviors except in special cases). Owing to such “institutions”, we can avoid fretting over unlimited options on one hand, and on the other, can continue to live our lives without encountering serious inconveniences. 

Institutions have two major characteristics, 1) self-enforcement and 2) self-sustenance. In other words, people are “willingly (accepting it as a given)” and “repeatedly” follow “institutions”. “Comparative Institutional Analysis (CIA)” is an attempt that has been made by Masahiko Aoki and others to grasp those “institutions” in a uniform manner as Nash equilibrium of the game. In this article, I shall, by chiefly focusing on CIA, analyze how evolutionary game theory accounts for the genesis of “institutions” and examine its effectiveness.